创建一个类似Youtube的Id -- 使用PHP/Python/Javascript/Java/SQL

/**
 * Translates a number to a short alhanumeric version
 *
 * Translated any number up to 9007199254740992
 * to a shorter version in letters e.g.:
 * 9007199254740989 --> PpQXn7COf
 *
 * specifiying the second argument true, it will
 * translate back e.g.:
 * PpQXn7COf --> 9007199254740989
 *
 * this function is based on any2dec && dec2any by
 * fragmer[at]mail[dot]ru
 * see: http://nl3.php.net/manual/en/function.base-convert.php#52450
 *
 * If you want the alphaID to be at least 3 letter long, use the
 * $pad_up = 3 argument
 *
 * In most cases this is better than totally random ID generators
 * because this can easily avoid duplicate ID's.
 * For example if you correlate the alpha ID to an auto incrementing ID
 * in your database, you're done.
 *
 * The reverse is done because it makes it slightly more cryptic,
 * but it also makes it easier to spread lots of IDs in different
 * directories on your filesystem. Example:
 * $part1 = substr($alpha_id,0,1);
 * $part2 = substr($alpha_id,1,1);
 * $part3 = substr($alpha_id,2,strlen($alpha_id));
 * $destindir = "/".$part1."/".$part2."/".$part3;
 * // by reversing, directories are more evenly spread out. The
 * // first 26 directories already occupy 26 main levels
 *
 * more info on limitation:
 * - http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/165372
 *
 * if you really need this for bigger numbers you probably have to look
 * at things like: http://theserverpages.com/php/manual/en/ref.bc.php
 * or: http://theserverpages.com/php/manual/en/ref.gmp.php
 * but I haven't really dugg into this. If you have more info on those
 * matters feel free to leave a comment.
 *
 * The following code block can be utilized by PEAR's Testing_DocTest
 * <code>
 * // Input //
 * $number_in = 2188847690240;
 * $alpha_in  = "SpQXn7Cb";
 *
 * // Execute //
 * $alpha_out  = alphaID($number_in, false, 8);
 * $number_out = alphaID($alpha_in, true, 8);
 *
 * if ($number_in != $number_out) {
 *    echo "Conversion failure, ".$alpha_in." returns ".$number_out." instead of the ";
 *    echo "desired: ".$number_in."\n";
 * }
 * if ($alpha_in != $alpha_out) {
 *    echo "Conversion failure, ".$number_in." returns ".$alpha_out." instead of the ";
 *    echo "desired: ".$alpha_in."\n";
 * }
 *
 * // Show //
 * echo $number_out." => ".$alpha_out."\n";
 * echo $alpha_in." => ".$number_out."\n";
 * echo alphaID(238328, false)." => ".alphaID(alphaID(238328, false), true)."\n";
 *
 * // expects:
 * // 2188847690240 => SpQXn7Cb
 * // SpQXn7Cb => 2188847690240
 * // aaab => 238328
 *
 * </code>
 *
 * @author   Kevin van Zonneveld <kevin@vanzonneveld.net>
 * @author   Simon Franz
 * @author   Deadfish
 * @copyright 2008 Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
 * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php New BSD Licence
 * @version   SVN: Release: $Id: alphaID.inc.php 344 2009-06-10 17:43:59Z kevin $
 * @link   http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net/
 *
 * @param mixed   $in      String or long input to translate
 * @param boolean $to_num  Reverses translation when true
 * @param mixed   $pad_up  Number or boolean padds the result up to a specified length
 * @param string  $passKey Supplying a password makes it harder to calculate the original ID
 *
 * @return mixed string or long
 */
function alphaID($in, $to_num = false, $pad_up = false, $pass_key = null)
{
    $out   =   '';
    $index = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
    $base  = strlen($index);

    if ($pass_key !== null) {
        // Although this function's purpose is to just make the
        // ID short - and not so much secure,
        // with this patch by Simon Franz (http://blog.snaky.org/)
        // you can optionally supply a password to make it harder
        // to calculate the corresponding numeric ID

        for ($n = 0; $n < strlen($index); $n++) {
            $i[] = substr($index, $n, 1);
        }

        $pass_hash = hash('sha256',$pass_key);
        $pass_hash = (strlen($pass_hash) < strlen($index) ? hash('sha512', $pass_key) : $pass_hash);

        for ($n = 0; $n < strlen($index); $n++) {
            $p[] =  substr($pass_hash, $n, 1);
        }

        array_multisort($p, SORT_DESC, $i);
        $index = implode($i);
    }

    if ($to_num) {
        // Digital number  <<--  alphabet letter code
        $len = strlen($in) - 1;

        for ($t = $len; $t >= 0; $t--) {
            $bcp = bcpow($base, $len - $t);
            $out = $out + strpos($index, substr($in, $t, 1)) * $bcp;
        }

        if (is_numeric($pad_up)) {
            $pad_up--;

            if ($pad_up > 0) {
                $out -= pow($base, $pad_up);
            }
        }
    } else {
        // Digital number  -->>  alphabet letter code
        if (is_numeric($pad_up)) {
            $pad_up--;

            if ($pad_up > 0) {
                $in += pow($base, $pad_up);
            }
        }

        for ($t = ($in != 0 ? floor(log($in, $base)) : 0); $t >= 0; $t--) {
            $bcp = bcpow($base, $t);
            $a   = floor($in / $bcp) % $base;
            $out = $out . substr($index, $a, 1);
            $in  = $in - ($a * $bcp);
        }
    }

    return $out;
}

/**
 *  Javascript AlphabeticID class
 *  (based on a script by Kevin van Zonneveld <kevin@vanzonneveld.net>)
 *
 *  Author: Even Simon <even.simon@gmail.com>
 *
 *  Description: Translates a numeric identifier into a short string and backwords.
 *
 *  Usage:
 *    var str = AlphabeticID.encode(9007199254740989); // str = 'fE2XnNGpF'
 *    var id = AlphabeticID.decode('fE2XnNGpF'); // id = 9007199254740989;
 **/

var AlphabeticID = {
    index:'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',

    /**
     *  [@function](http://twitter.com/function) AlphabeticID.encode
     *  [@description](http://twitter.com/description) Encode a number into short string
     *  [@param](http://twitter.com/param) integer
     *  [@return](http://twitter.com/return) string
     **/
    encode:function(_number){
        if('undefined' == typeof _number){
            return null;
        } else if('number' != typeof(_number)){
            throw new Error('Wrong parameter type');
        }

        var ret = '';

        for(var i=Math.floor(Math.log(parseInt(_number))/Math.log(AlphabeticID.index.length));i>=0;i--){
            ret = ret + AlphabeticID.index.substr((Math.floor(parseInt(_number) / AlphabeticID.bcpow(AlphabeticID.index.length, i)) % AlphabeticID.index.length),1);
        }

        return ret.reverse();
    },

    /**
     *  [@function](http://twitter.com/function) AlphabeticID.decode
     *  [@description](http://twitter.com/description) Decode a short string and return number
     *  [@param](http://twitter.com/param) string
     *  [@return](http://twitter.com/return) integer
     **/
    decode:function(_string){
        if('undefined' == typeof _string){
            return null;
        } else if('string' != typeof _string){
            throw new Error('Wrong parameter type');
        }

        var str = _string.reverse();
        var ret = 0;

        for(var i=0;i<=(str.length - 1);i++){
            ret = ret + AlphabeticID.index.indexOf(str.substr(i,1)) * (AlphabeticID.bcpow(AlphabeticID.index.length, (str.length - 1) - i));
        }

        return ret;
    },

    /**
     *  [@function](http://twitter.com/function) AlphabeticID.bcpow
     *  [@description](http://twitter.com/description) Raise _a to the power _b
     *  [@param](http://twitter.com/param) float _a
     *  [@param](http://twitter.com/param) integer _b
     *  [@return](http://twitter.com/return) string
     **/
    bcpow:function(_a, _b){
        return Math.floor(Math.pow(parseFloat(_a), parseInt(_b)));
    }
};

/**
 *  [@function](http://twitter.com/function) String.reverse
 *  [@description](http://twitter.com/description) Reverse a string
 *  [@return](http://twitter.com/return) string
 **/
String.prototype.reverse = function(){
    return this.split('').reverse().join('');
};